Scholarly Research
This is where we dig into the receipts.
The Scholarly Research, Papers & Studies section gathers the work of independent scholars, scientists, watchdog groups, and policy analysts whose research challenges industry narratives and sheds light on the overlooked impacts of energy sprawl, land use shifts, and regulatory overreach.
We don’t publish original studies — we highlight the ones that matter. From peer-reviewed journals to white papers, environmental assessments, and technical memos, this collection serves as a resource for those who want to speak truth with evidence in hand.
If you're looking for data-backed arguments, rigorous analysis, and citations that hit hard — you’re in the right place.
Research Hub Shortcuts
Lots of information here. This section provides shortcuts so that you can access specific sections of the Research Hub. Enjoy!
When reviewing the documents on this page, please keep in mind to NOT IGNORE the footnotes, citations and/or references listed within each document. Performing further research into these documents should provide additional knowledge.
Solar Research
Robi Nilson , Joseph Rand , Ben Hoen , Salma Elmallah
Energy Markets and Policy Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
Bloomberg NEF PV Module Tier 1 List Methodology
Files Added To List Often. Please Check Back.
Halfway up the ladder: Developer practices and perspectives on community engagement for utility-scale renewable energy in the United States
BloombergNEF
The Photovoltaic Heat Island Effect: Larger solar power plants increase local temperatures
Greg A. Barron-Gafford, Rebecca L. Minor, Nathan A. Allen, Alex D. Cronin, Adria E. Brooks & Mitchell A. Pavao-Zuckerman
Observational Study on the Impact of Large-Scale Photovoltaic Development in Deserts on Local Air Temperature and Humidity
MDPI - April 22, 2020
Wei Wu, Shengjuan Yue, Xiaode Zhou, Mengjing Guo, Jiawei Wang, Lei Ren and Bo Yuan
The Role of Rural Variability in Urban Heat Island Determination for Phoenix, Arizona
Journal of Applied Meteorology, Volume 41
TIMOTHY W. HAWKINS, ANTHONY J. BRAZEL, WILLIAM L. STEFANOV, WENDY BIGLER, and ERINANNE M. SAFFELL
Solar photovoltaic generators receive higher electricity prices than other technologies
U.S. Energy Information Administration
October 9, 2020
The Economics of Utility-Scale Solar Generation
Gordon Hughes
Renewable Energy Foundation
The Shockley-Queisser limit
Queen Mary University London
Detailed Balance Limit of Efficiency of p-n Junction Solar Cells
William Shockley - Hans Queisser
Journal of Applied Science
Volume 32, Number 3
March 1961
The History of Solar
US Department of Energy
Wind Research
Files Added To List Often. Please Check Back.
Testimony of Dr. Michael M. Nissenbaum, MD in lawsuit against Red Lily Wind Power Limited Partnership
World Health Organization
Regional Office for Europe
2018
Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region
Alec N. Salt, Ph.D.
Cochlear Fluids Research Laboratory, Washington - University in St. Louis.
Wind Turbines can be Hazardous to Human Health
Minnesota Department of Health Environmental Health Division
May 22, 2009
Public Health Impacts of Wind Turbines
Jesper Hvass Schmidt and Mads Klokker
December 4, 2014
Health Effects Related to Wind Turbine Noise Exposure: A Systematic Review
University of Toronto Medical School with post-graduate training at McGill University and the University of California.
IN THE COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH JUDICIAL CENTRE OF SASKATOON
Wind Turbines And Ghost Stories: The Effects Of Infrasound On The Human Auditory System
Hsuan-hsiu Annie Chen
Neuroscience Undergraduate Program
University of California, Los Angeles
Peter Narins
Departments of Integrative Biology & Physiology, and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
University of California, Los Angeles
Acoustics Today - Volume 8, Issue 12 - April 2012
Bald Eagle and Golden Eagle Mortalities at Wind Energy Facilities in the Contiguous United States
Michael G. Smith, Mikael Ögren, Pontus Thorsson, Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb, , Eja Pedersen, Jens Forssén, Julia Ageborg Morsing, and Kerstin Persson Waye
Sleep Research Society 2020. Published by Oxford University Press
A laboratory study on the effects of wind turbine noise on sleep: results of the polysomnographic WiTNES study
Joel E. Pagel Kevin J. Kritz Brian A. Millsap and Robert K. Murphy, Eric L. Kershner and Scott Covington
Journal of Raptor Research
Wind Industry Neglecting Bats
K. Shawn Smallwood
Wildlife Society Bulletin - Volume 37, Issue 1, pg. 19-33
Comparing bird and bat fatality-rate estimates among North American wind-energy projects
Merlin Tuttle
March 30, 2017
Extrapolation is not enough: impacts of extreme land use change on wind profiles and wind energy according to regional climate models
Jan Wohland, Peter Hoffmann,
Daniela C. A. Lima, Marcus Breil,
Olivier Asselin , and Diana Rechid
Battery Energy Storage Systems
Fredrik Larsson, Petra Andersson, Per Blomqvist,, and Bengt-Erik Mellander
- Scientific Reports, August 30, 2017
Toxic fluoride gas emissions from lithium-ion battery fires
Files Added To List Often. Please Check Back.
Transmission Lines
Files Added To List Often. Please Check Back.
Property Devaluation
Files Added To List Often. Please Check Back.
McCann Appraisal, LLC
Adams County, IL
Wind Turbine Devaluation
University of Rhode Island - September 29, 2020
Department of Environmentalism and Natural Resources
Vasundhara Gaur and Corey Lang
Property Value Impacts of Commercial-Scale Solar Energy in Massachusetts and Rhode Island
Michael S. McCann, CRA
McCann Appraisal, LLC
Written Testimony to Adam's County Board - June 8, 2010
Local Cost for Global Benefit: The Case of Wind Turbines
Manuel Frondel, Gerhard Kussel, Stephan Sommer, Colin Vance
RUHR -University - Bochum
January 2019
Does the Presence of Wind Turbines Have Negative Externalities for People in Their Surroundings? Evidence from Well-Being Data
London School of Economics
Stephen Gibbons
July 2015
Gone with the wind: valuing the visual impacts of wind turbines through house prices
Christian Krekel -London School of Economics and Political Science
Alexander Zerrahn - German Institute for Economic Research
July 2016
An Exploration of Property-Value Impacts Near Utility-Scale Solar Installations
Leila Al-Hamoodah, Kavita Koppa, Eugenie Schieve, D. Cale Reeves, Ben Hoen, Joachim Seel and Varun Rai
- LBJ School of Public Affairs
Shedding light on large-scale solar impacts: An analysis of property values and proximity to photovoltaics across six U.S. states
Salma Elmallah, Ben Hoen, K. Sydny Fujita, Dana Robson, Eric Brunner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Utility-Scale Solar Farms and Agricultural Land Values
University of Wyoming
Nino Abashidze - University of Wyoming
Laura O. Taylor - Georgia Institute of Technology
Health, Safety, & Welfare
Files Added To List Often. Please Check Back.
An overview of the uses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
Juliane Gluge, Martin Scheringer, Ian T. Cousins, Jamie C. DeWitt, Gretta Goldenman, Dorte Herzke, Rainer Lohmann, Carla A. Ng, Xenia Trier and Zhanyun Wang
- Royal Society of Chemistry (2020)
Lead Leaching of Perovskite Solar Cells in Aqueous Environments: A Quantitative Investigation
Dong Yan, Xingwen Lu, Shiyi Zhao, Zuhong Zhang, Mingxia Lu, Jiangtao Feng, Jingchao Zhang, Kate Spencer, Trystan Watson, Meng Li, Bo Hou, Fei Wang, and Zhe Li
On Device Lead Sequestration for Perovskite Solar Cells
Xun L i , Fei Zhang , Haiying He, Joseph J. Berry, Kai Zhu & Tao Xu
February 19, 2020
Potential impact of floating solar panels on water quality in reservoirs; pathogens and leaching
D. Mathijssen, B. Hofs, E. Spierenburg-Sack, R. van Asperen, B. van der Wal,
J. Vreeburg ,and H. Ketelaars
Leaching Hazardous Substances out of Photovoltaic Modules
Renate Zapf-Gottwick, Michael Koch, Klaus Fischer, Fred Schwerdt,
Lars Hamann, Martin Kranert,
Jörg W. Metzger, and Jürgen H. Werner
-Institute for Photovoltaics, University of Stuttgart, Germany (2015)
Leaching of cadmium and tellurium from cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin-film solar panels under simulated landfill conditions
Adriana Ramos-Ruiz, Jean V. Wilkening, James A. Field, and
Reyes Sierra-Alvarez
- U.S. Health and Human Services
(August 2015)
Testing of an Anti-Soiling Coating for PV Module Cover Glass
Kenan Isbilir & Gerald Womack Loughborough University
Fabiana Lisco - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne &
Ali Abbas - University of Al-Qadisiyah
-2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion
Building A Better World - Eliminating Unnecessary PFAS in Building Materials
Seth Rojello Fernández, Carol Kwiatkowski, Tom Bruton
Green Science Policy Institute
Property Rights
Files Added To List Often. Please Check Back.
Wildlife
Files Added To List Often. Please Check Back.
Wildlife Conservation and Solar Energy Development in the Desert Southwest, United States
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
Open-File Report 2016–1087
Mortality Monitoring Design for Utility-Scale Solar Power Facilities
Jeffrey e. Lovich and Joshua R. Ennen
BioScience • December 2011 / Vol. 61 No. 12
Rural & Urban Planning
Files Added To List Often. Please Check Back.
Darren Coffey, AICP
American Planning Association
Planning for Utility-Scale Solar Facilities
Overview of Potential Environmental Cultural Socioeconomic Impacts for Utility Scale Solar
U.S. Department of Energy
Argonne National Laboratory
(2008)
Legal
Files Added To List Often. Please Check Back.
Taxing Local Energy Externalities
Notre Dame Law Review - Volume 96, Issue 2, Article 3
Hannah J. Wiseman - Professor of Law; Professor and Wilson Faculty Fellow in the College of Earth and Mineral Sciences; Cofunded Faculty—Institutes of Energy and the Environment, the Pennsylvania State University—University Park
Agriculture
Files Added To List Often. Please Check Back.
Agricultural Soil Compaction: Causes and Management
Alberta's Agriculture Industry - October 2010
Fallow Effects on Soil
David C. Nielsen - USDA-ARS, dcnielsen55@gmail.com
Francisco J. Calderón - USDA-ARS, francisco.calderon@ars.usda.gov
Monitoring ecological processes for restoration projects
Maria Cristina Moscatelli, Rosita Marabottini, Luisa Massaccesi, &
Sara Marinari
-Geodermal Regional, Volume 29, June 2022
Soil properties changes after seven years of ground mounted photovoltaic panels in Central Italy coastal area
Jeffrey E. Herricka, Gerald E. Schumanb, Albert Rangoa
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (2006)
Nature Publishes Erosion Study
Ohio State University College of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Service
Sustainable soil use and management: An interdisciplinary and systematic approach
Deyi Hou, Nanthi S. Bolan,
Daniel C.W. Tsang, Mary B. Kirkham, & David O'Connor
- Science of The Total Environment, Volume 729, August 2020
Miscellaneous
Files Added To List Often. Please Check Back.
Noise Impact Assessment Overview - Solar Facility Inverters and Transformers
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
Part Two—Construction Noise Impact Assessment
Biological Assessment Preparation
Advanced Training Manual Version 02-2012
7.0 Construction Noise Impact Assessment
Robert W. Rand, ASA, INCE (Member Emeritus) - RAND ACOUSTICS, LLC
Guide to the Federal Investment Tax Credit for Commercial Solar Photovoltaics
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy
Polls / Surveys
Ohio Landscape Survey (Poll)
Utility Scale Solar Energy Coalition of Ohio
December 23, 2020 - January 3, 2021
Files Added To List Often. Please Check Back.